How did the Sumerians view the concept of leadership and authority?

The Sumerians were a civilization that lived in Mesopotamia between the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE. They were known for their advanced culture, including their development of writing and political organization. Leadership and authority were essential concepts in Sumerian society, and their views on these concepts were reflected in their literature, religion, and politics.

The Sumerians believed that leadership was a divine right and that their kings were chosen by the gods to rule. The king was considered the representative of the gods on earth, and his authority was absolute. However, the king's power was not arbitrary, and he was expected to rule justly and provide for the welfare of his subjects.

The Sumerians had a complex system of government that included various levels of officials and councils. The king was advised by a council of elders, who were respected members of the community. The Sumerians also had a system of laws that were enforced by judges and courts.

In Sumerian religion, the gods were viewed as the ultimate authority, and their will was considered above that of mortal leaders. The king was expected to consult with the gods and carry out their will in his rule.

In summary, the Sumerians viewed leadership as a divine right, and their kings were expected to rule justly and provide for the welfare of their subjects. The king's authority was absolute but not arbitrary, and he was advised by a council of elders. In Sumerian religion, the gods were the ultimate authority, and their will was considered above that of mortal leaders.