How do airplanes deal with air pressure changes during flight?

When an airplane is in flight, the cabin is pressurized to simulate the air pressure found at lower altitudes. This is necessary to keep passengers and crew safe and comfortable during the flight. However, as the airplane climbs to higher altitudes, the air pressure outside the cabin drops, which can cause discomfort and even injury to passengers and crew if not properly managed. To deal with this, airplanes are equipped with systems that regulate the air pressure inside the cabin to keep it at a safe and comfortable level.

The system that controls the air pressure inside the cabin is called the environmental control system (ECS). The ECS works by compressing outside air and mixing it with recirculated cabin air, which is then distributed throughout the cabin through air ducts. As the airplane climbs to higher altitudes, the air pressure inside the cabin is adjusted by controlling the amount of compressed air that is mixed with the recirculated cabin air.

In addition to regulating air pressure, the ECS also controls the temperature and humidity inside the cabin to ensure that passengers and crew are comfortable during the flight. Overall, the ECS is a vital component of modern airplanes that helps to ensure safe and comfortable air travel for millions of people every day.