How do cells replicate their DNA and divide through the processes of mitosis and meiosis?

Cell replication is an essential process for the growth and development of organisms. It involves the replication of DNA and the division of cells through mitosis or meiosis.

In mitosis, a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell. The process involves four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane breaks down. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the cell's equator. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell. In telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles and the nuclear membrane reforms.

In meiosis, a single cell divides into four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is important for the formation of sex cells (sperm and eggs). Meiosis also involves four stages: prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I, as well as a second round of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, known as meiosis II. The process involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, which leads to genetic diversity.