How do electric cars convert electrical energy stored in batteries into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle?

Electric cars are powered by electric motors that convert electrical energy stored in batteries into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. This process involves three major components: the battery, the motor controller, and the electric motor.

The battery serves as the primary source of power for the electric motor. It stores electrical energy that is used to power the motor, just as gasoline or diesel fuels an internal combustion engine. The battery typically consists of several smaller cells that are connected together to form a larger unit. These cells are designed to store energy in a chemical form, which is then converted into electrical energy when needed.

The motor controller is responsible for regulating the flow of electrical energy from the battery to the motor. It acts as a sort of electronic switch that controls the amount of power delivered to the motor, based on the driver's demand for acceleration or deceleration. The motor controller also monitors the temperature of the motor and the battery, and adjusts the power output accordingly to ensure optimal performance and safety.

The electric motor is the heart of the electric car's propulsion system. It converts the electrical energy from the battery into mechanical energy that is used to turn the wheels of the vehicle. The motor consists of a rotor (the rotating part) and a stator (the stationary part), which are surrounded by a magnetic field. When electrical energy is supplied to the motor, the rotor rotates within the stator, generating torque that is transmitted to the wheels of the car.