How do greenhouses work?

Greenhouses are structures that are designed to regulate the temperature, humidity, and light that plants receive, allowing them to grow in controlled environments that might otherwise be unsuitable for them. They work by letting sunlight in through their transparent roofs and walls, trapping the resulting heat inside, and using a range of ventilation and heating systems to keep the temperature and humidity at optimal levels for plant growth.

Greenhouses typically consist of a frame made of metal, wood, or plastic, covered in a material that allows sunlight to penetrate while blocking wind and rain. The most common material used is glass, but many modern greenhouses use polycarbonate panels, which are lighter and more durable.

Inside the greenhouse, plants are grown in soil or hydroponic systems, which allow for precise control of the nutrients and water they receive. Heating and cooling systems are used to maintain the temperature and humidity, and vents and fans are used to circulate air and prevent the buildup of mold and pests.

Greenhouses are used for a variety of purposes, from growing flowers and vegetables for personal use to commercial agriculture and research. They are also increasingly being used in sustainable farming and environmental restoration projects, as they allow for year-round growing in areas with harsh climates or limited arable land.