How do physical, chemical, and biological processes help remove contaminants from water?

Water treatment is the process of removing impurities and contaminants from water to make it safe for human consumption, industrial use, and environmental purposes. The treatment process involves a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove impurities and contaminants from water.

Physical processes involve the removal of suspended solids and large particles from water. The most common physical processes include screening, sedimentation, and filtration. Screening is used to remove large debris, while sedimentation is used to remove larger particles by allowing them to settle to the bottom. Filtration is the process of passing water through a medium to remove impurities and contaminants.

Chemical processes are used to remove dissolved solids and other contaminants from water. The most common chemical processes include coagulation, flocculation, and disinfection. Coagulation involves the addition of chemicals to water to destabilize the suspended particles, allowing them to clump together and settle out of the water. Flocculation involves the gentle stirring of water to encourage the suspended particles to form larger clumps, which can be more easily removed. Disinfection is the process of killing or removing harmful microorganisms from water.

Biological processes involve the use of living organisms to remove impurities and contaminants from water. The most common biological process used in water treatment is the use of bacteria to break down organic matter in the water. This process is known as biodegradation and is commonly used in wastewater treatment.