How do rockets and spacecraft travel through space?

Rockets and spacecraft travel through space using principles of physics and orbital mechanics. The propulsion systems of rockets generate thrust that propels them forward, overcoming the force of gravity and atmospheric resistance. Once they reach space, rockets and spacecraft can continue to travel by exploiting the orbital mechanics of the solar system.

For instance, rockets and spacecraft can use the gravity of celestial bodies to achieve a slingshot effect, which can help them to increase their velocity and travel farther. Additionally, spacecraft can use the gravitational pull of a planet or moon to enter orbit around it, allowing them to circle the planet without expending additional fuel. Spacecraft can also use small thrusters to adjust their course and speed while in orbit.

Another way that spacecraft can travel through space is by using ion engines. These engines produce a small amount of thrust, but they can operate for long periods of time, allowing spacecraft to gradually increase their velocity and travel farther into space.