How do sea surface temperatures affect weather patterns?

Sea surface temperature (SST) has a significant impact on global weather patterns. SST is a measure of the temperature of the top layer of the ocean, which is heated by the sun's energy. Changes in SST can alter atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to changes in precipitation and wind patterns.

Warmer SSTs can lead to the formation of tropical storms and hurricanes, as the warm water provides the energy needed to fuel these storms. In contrast, cooler SSTs can lead to drier conditions in certain regions, as cooler water temperatures can reduce the amount of moisture that evaporates into the atmosphere.

One of the most well-known examples of the impact of SST on weather patterns is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. ENSO refers to the irregular fluctuations in SST and atmospheric pressure in the equatorial Pacific. During El Niño events, SSTs in the equatorial Pacific are warmer than normal, which can lead to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and altered weather patterns around the world.

Overall, understanding the relationship between SST and weather patterns is important for predicting and preparing for extreme weather events, as well as for managing natural resources and agricultural production.