How do spiders make webs?

Spiders are known for their ability to spin silk webs which are used to trap prey, protect their eggs and to transport themselves. The process of spider silk production is a complex one and varies from species to species. However, in general, spiders use specialized organs called spinnerets to produce silk.

The silk is made from protein produced in glands located in the spider's abdomen. The silk is then extruded through the spinnerets as a liquid, which hardens quickly in contact with air or a solid surface to form solid strands.

Each spinneret produces a different type of silk, and spiders can have up to seven pairs of spinnerets. The different types of silk serve different functions, for example, the dragline silk is the strongest and most elastic of all the silk types and is used to build the main framework of the web, while the sticky capture silk is used to trap prey.

The silk production process is not yet fully understood, but researchers have identified some of the genes that are responsible for silk production in spiders. By studying these genes, researchers hope to develop new materials that mimic the strength and versatility of spider silk.