How do volcanoes work?

Volcanoes are geological formations that occur when molten rock, ash, and gas escape from beneath the earth's surface. They are created by tectonic plate movements and volcanic activity can be found on every continent on the planet.

Volcanoes work by allowing molten rock, called magma, to rise to the surface. This happens when pressure builds up beneath the earth's crust and forces the magma upward. The magma can then flow out of the volcano as lava, ash, and gas, creating a volcanic eruption.

There are different types of volcanoes, including shield, composite, and cinder cone volcanoes. Shield volcanoes have a low profile and are formed by lava flowing out in all directions. Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are steep and cone-shaped, and are formed by alternating layers of lava and ash. Cinder cone volcanoes are small and are formed by explosive eruptions that eject fragments of lava into the air.

Volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and can cause damage to surrounding areas. Lava flows can destroy buildings and infrastructure, while volcanic ash can cause respiratory problems and disrupt air travel. Scientists monitor volcanic activity in order to predict eruptions and minimize the risks associated with them.