How do we maintain and repair spacecraft in space?

Maintaining and repairing spacecraft in space is a complex and challenging task. Spacecraft are designed to operate in the harsh environment of space, but they can still suffer from mechanical and electrical failures, as well as damage from micrometeoroids and other debris. To keep them operating effectively, space agencies have developed a variety of techniques for maintaining and repairing spacecraft in orbit.

One technique is to use robotic systems to perform maintenance and repairs. Robotic arms and other tools can be used to inspect and repair solar panels, antennas, and other components. These robots can be remotely controlled from Earth or programmed to operate autonomously.

Another technique is to conduct spacewalks, also known as extravehicular activities (EVAs). During a spacewalk, an astronaut leaves the spacecraft and performs tasks while floating in space. Spacewalks are typically used for tasks that cannot be performed by robots, such as repairing or replacing a malfunctioning component. Spacewalks require extensive training and preparation, and they are one of the most dangerous activities that astronauts undertake.

Spacecraft can also be designed with redundant systems that can take over if a primary system fails. For example, a spacecraft may have multiple engines, power systems, and communication systems. If one system fails, another can be activated to take its place. This approach can help ensure that a spacecraft can continue to function even if it suffers a critical failure.

Maintaining and repairing spacecraft in space is an ongoing challenge, but advances in technology and techniques have made it possible to keep spacecraft operating for longer periods of time than ever before.