How do you observe the atmosphere of Venus?

Observing the atmosphere of Venus is a challenging task due to its thick, cloudy atmosphere and high surface temperature. Despite the difficulties, scientists have developed a range of techniques and instruments to study the Venusian atmosphere.

One approach is to use remote sensing techniques, which involve measuring the properties of light that is reflected, emitted or scattered by the atmosphere. Infrared spectrometers, for example, can detect the presence of specific molecules in the atmosphere by measuring the wavelengths of infrared light that they absorb or emit. Ultraviolet and visible light detectors can also provide information about the composition and structure of the atmosphere.

Another approach is to use probes or landers to directly sample the atmosphere. The Soviet Union's Venera program was the first to successfully land probes on Venus, and these probes provided valuable data on the atmospheric conditions of the planet. More recently, NASA's Venus In-Situ Explorer (VISE) concept proposes using a balloon to float in the atmosphere and carry instruments to take measurements.

Overall, observing the atmosphere of Venus is a complex and ongoing endeavor that requires the use of a range of techniques and instruments. With continued research and technological advancements, scientists hope to gain a deeper understanding of this fascinating planet.