How do you use inheritance in programming?

Inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that allows the creation of new classes based on existing classes. Inheritance allows programmers to create a new class that is a modified version of an existing class, without having to rewrite all the code from scratch.

The existing class is called the superclass, while the new class is called the subclass. The subclass inherits all the properties and methods of the superclass, and can also add new properties and methods or override existing ones.

To create a subclass, you use the keyword extends followed by the name of the superclass. For example, if you have a superclass called Animal, you can create a subclass called Dog by using the syntax:

class Dog extends Animal {
 // subclass definition goes here
}

The subclass inherits all the properties and methods of the Animal class, and can add new properties and methods or override existing ones. For example, the Dog class might have a new property called breed, which is not present in the Animal class.