How does Java handle memory management?

Java is an object-oriented programming language that is known for its automatic memory management. In Java, memory is allocated dynamically, and it is the responsibility of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to allocate and de-allocate memory. Java uses a technique called garbage collection to automatically manage memory and free up memory that is no longer being used by the program. This means that Java developers do not have to worry about manually allocating and freeing memory, as the JVM takes care of this for them.

The JVM maintains a pool of memory called the heap. Objects in Java are created on the heap and memory is allocated to them as needed. When an object is no longer being used by the program, the garbage collector identifies it and frees up the memory that was being used by the object. This process of identifying and freeing up unused memory is called garbage collection.

Java provides several garbage collection algorithms that can be used to manage memory. These algorithms differ in the way they identify and free up unused memory. Some algorithms are better suited for certain types of programs than others, and Java developers can choose the algorithm that best suits their program's needs. Java also provides tools for monitoring memory usage and diagnosing memory-related problems.