How does multithreading work in Java?

Multithreading is the ability of a program or an operating system to manage multiple threads of execution concurrently. In Java, multithreading is implemented using the java.lang.Thread class and its methods. A thread is a lightweight sub-process, which can run concurrently with other threads.

Java provides a rich set of APIs and mechanisms to implement multithreading, such as synchronized blocks, locks, and semaphores, which help in managing concurrency and thread synchronization. Synchronization ensures that threads execute in a controlled and orderly manner, and locks help in achieving synchronization by blocking the access of a resource by other threads until the current thread releases it.

Java also provides the concept of thread pools, which are a collection of pre-initialized threads that can be used to execute tasks. Thread pools help in reducing the overhead of thread creation and destruction, and improve the performance of the program.

Overall, multithreading is an important feature of Java programming, which allows developers to write efficient, concurrent, and scalable applications that can make the most of available system resources.