How does the Earth's axial tilt and orbit around the Sun influence seasonal variations?

The Earth's axial tilt and orbit around the Sun are the primary drivers of seasonal variations. The axis of the Earth is tilted at an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees relative to its orbital plane. This tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of solar radiation throughout the year, resulting in the four seasons.

During the summer solstice, which occurs around June 21st in the Northern Hemisphere and December 21st in the Southern Hemisphere, the hemisphere tilted towards the Sun experiences its longest day and shortest night of the year, resulting in warmer temperatures and longer days. Conversely, during the winter solstice, which occurs around December 21st in the Northern Hemisphere and June 21st in the Southern Hemisphere, the hemisphere tilted away from the Sun experiences its shortest day and longest night of the year, resulting in cooler temperatures and shorter days.

During the spring and fall equinoxes, which occur around March 20th and September 22nd respectively, both hemispheres receive equal amounts of solar radiation resulting in milder temperatures and equal day and night lengths.