How does the eye focus on objects at different distances?

The human eye has a sophisticated focusing system that allows us to see objects at different distances with clarity. The process of focusing on an object involves the eye’s lens changing shape to adjust the angle of light that enters the eye. This process is called accommodation.

When we look at an object, light from the object enters our eye through the cornea, and then passes through the pupil, which is the black part of the eye. The lens, located behind the pupil, changes shape to focus the light onto the retina at the back of the eye. If the object is close, the lens becomes more rounded to increase the amount of bending of the light rays, and if the object is far, the lens becomes flatter to decrease the bending of the light rays.

The process of accommodation is controlled by the ciliary muscle, which is a ring of muscle fibers that surround the lens. When we focus on a nearby object, the ciliary muscle contracts, causing the lens to become more rounded. Conversely, when we focus on a distant object, the ciliary muscle relaxes, causing the lens to become flatter.