How does the moon affect tides on Earth?

Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the Earth's oceans. The gravitational pull of the moon is stronger because it is closer to the Earth. This causes a tidal bulge on the side of the Earth closest to the moon, as well as on the side farthest from the moon. These tidal bulges cause a rise and fall in the sea level, which we experience as tides.

When the moon is in its full or new moon phase, the gravitational pull of the moon and sun combine to create higher high tides, known as spring tides. When the moon is in its quarter phases, the gravitational pull of the sun and moon work against each other to create lower high tides, known as neap tides.

The tides can have a significant impact on coastal communities, as they affect navigation, fishing, and beach activities. In addition, the tidal currents can generate significant amounts of energy that can be harnessed through tidal power generation.