What are some common substitutions for baking ingredients?

Baking is a delicate process that requires specific ingredients to achieve the desired texture, flavor, and consistency. However, it's not always possible to have all the ingredients on hand, or you may have dietary restrictions that require substitutions. Here are some common substitutions for baking ingredients:

• Buttermilk: If you don't have buttermilk, you can use 1 cup of milk mixed with 1 tablespoon of vinegar or lemon juice. Let it sit for a few minutes before using it in your recipe.
• Eggs: You can use 1/4 cup of unsweetened applesauce, 1/4 cup of mashed bananas, or 1/4 cup of silken tofu as a substitute for one egg in a recipe. For baked goods that require multiple eggs, try using 1 tablespoon of vinegar mixed with 1 teaspoon of baking powder instead.
• Sugar: You can use honey, maple syrup, or agave nectar as a substitute for granulated sugar. Keep in mind that these substitutes will add extra moisture to your recipe.
• Flour: You can use almond flour or coconut flour as a gluten-free substitute for all-purpose flour. Keep in mind that these flours have different absorption rates, so you may need to adjust the amount of liquid in your recipe.
• Baking powder: You can make your own baking powder by mixing 1 teaspoon of baking soda with 2 teaspoons of cream of tartar.