What are the different types of electrochemical cells and their applications?

Electrochemical cells are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through a redox reaction. There are two main types of electrochemical cells: galvanic cells and electrolytic cells. Galvanic cells, also known as voltaic cells, generate electrical energy from a spontaneous redox reaction. Electrolytic cells, on the other hand, require electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction.

Galvanic cells are used in batteries and fuel cells to power electronic devices, vehicles, and even homes. The most common example of a galvanic cell is the zinc-carbon dry cell used in flashlights and toys. Fuel cells, such as the hydrogen fuel cell, use hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity and heat for vehicles and buildings.

Electrolytic cells are used to produce chemicals and metals through electroplating and electrorefining. Electroplating is the process of depositing a thin layer of metal onto another surface, such as gold plating on jewelry. Electrorefining is the process of purifying metals, such as copper and aluminum, from their ores.