What are the different types of rocks and how are they formed?

There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. These rocks are formed through different processes and have unique characteristics that make them distinguishable from one another.

• Igneous rocks: These rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They can be further classified into two types: intrusive and extrusive. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, while extrusive igneous rocks are formed from lava that cools quickly on the Earth's surface.
• Sedimentary rocks: These rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments or organic material that is compressed and cemented together over time. They can be further classified into three types: clastic, organic, and chemical. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of rock fragments or mineral grains, while organic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of organic material, such as plant or animal remains. Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the precipitation of minerals from a solution.
• Metamorphic rocks: These rocks are formed from the transformation of pre-existing rocks through heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. They can be further classified into two types: foliated and non-foliated. Foliated metamorphic rocks have a banded or layered appearance, while non-foliated metamorphic rocks do not have a banded or layered appearance.