What are the main causes and consequences of deforestation?

Causes and Consequences of Deforestation

Deforestation is the process of clearing trees from forests or land that is converted to non-forest use. The major causes of deforestation are human activities such as agriculture, logging, mining, and infrastructure development. These activities not only remove trees but also alter ecosystems, disrupt the water cycle, and contribute to climate change.

The consequences of deforestation are many, including loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, water pollution, and climate change. Forests are home to over 80% of the world's terrestrial biodiversity, and deforestation destroys these habitats, leading to the extinction of species. Soil erosion is another consequence of deforestation, as trees help to prevent soil erosion by binding the soil together. With the trees gone, soil erosion can become a major problem, leading to desertification.

Water pollution is another consequence of deforestation. Trees help to filter water and maintain the quality of rivers and streams. Without trees, sedimentation and erosion can lead to water pollution. Finally, deforestation is a major contributor to climate change. Trees store carbon, and when they are cut down or burned, this carbon is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.