What are the main causes and effects of global warming?

Global warming is a complex issue with a wide range of causes and effects. It refers to the long-term increase in the Earth's average surface temperature, primarily due to the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. The effects of global warming can be seen in rising sea levels, changes in precipitation, and more frequent and severe heat waves, storms, and droughts.

The main cause of global warming is the increase in GHGs, which trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and cause the planet to warm. The most important GHG is carbon dioxide (CO2), which is released when we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. Other GHGs include methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases, which are emitted by agriculture, waste management, and industrial processes.

The effects of global warming are widespread and varied. Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns can lead to more frequent and severe heat waves, droughts, and wildfires, while melting glaciers and ice sheets can cause sea levels to rise and flood coastal cities. Climate change can also affect ecosystems and biodiversity, with some species facing extinction as their habitats disappear or change. Furthermore, global warming can have a significant impact on human health, as extreme weather events can cause injuries, illnesses, and deaths, while changes in air quality can exacerbate respiratory conditions like asthma.