What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two main types of cells in living organisms. The primary difference between the two is the presence or absence of a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus.

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells. They lack membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes.

Another key difference between the two cell types is their genetic material. Prokaryotic cells typically have a single circular chromosome made of DNA, while eukaryotic cells have linear chromosomes made of DNA and histone proteins. Eukaryotic cells also have more DNA than prokaryotic cells, with multiple chromosomes in the nucleus.

In summary, the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are:

• Presence or absence of a nucleus
• Size and complexity of the cell structure
• Presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles
• Type and organization of genetic material