What are the main stages of the cell cycle and their roles in cell growth, DNA replication, and division?

The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. The cell cycle consists of two main stages: interphase and mitotic phase.

• Interphase: This is the stage in which the cell grows and replicates its DNA. Interphase is further divided into three phases: G1, S, and G2.
• Mitotic Phase: This is the stage in which the cell divides into two daughter cells. The mitotic phase consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division. In G1 phase, the cell synthesizes new proteins and organelles, and prepares for DNA replication. In the S phase, DNA replication takes place, resulting in two identical copies of the cell's genetic material. In G2 phase, the cell completes its preparations for cell division.

During the mitotic phase, the cell physically divides into two daughter cells. In prophase, the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. In telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around the daughter nuclei, and the chromosomes decondense.

The cell cycle is a highly regulated process that ensures the proper growth and division of cells. Any disruptions to the cell cycle can result in genetic abnormalities and disease.