What are the major Turkic languages and how are they related to each other?

Turkic languages are a group of languages that belong to the Altaic language family. They are spoken by around 200 million people in various regions of Asia and Europe, including Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and parts of China and Russia. There are more than 30 Turkic languages spoken today, but some of the major Turkic languages are Turkish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Turkmen, and Kazakh.

All Turkic languages share common linguistic features, such as vowel harmony and agglutination, and they have a similar grammatical structure. However, there are also significant differences among them, including differences in vocabulary and pronunciation.

The history of Turkic languages dates back to the 6th century when the Turkic people started migrating westward from their homeland in Central Asia. As they migrated, the Turkic people came into contact with other cultures and languages, which influenced the development of their language. Some of the major influences on Turkic languages include Arabic, Persian, and Russian.

The relationship between Turkic languages can be divided into several branches, including Oghuz, Kipchak, Karluk, and Siberian. The Oghuz branch includes Turkish, Azerbaijani, and Turkmen, while the Kipchak branch includes Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tatar. The Karluk branch includes Uzbek and Uighur, while the Siberian branch includes Yakut and Dolgan.