What is the definition of the term ''existentialism'' and what are some key ideas and critiques of the philosophy?

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and its key proponents include Jean-Paul Sartre, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Martin Heidegger. According to existentialists, individuals must create their own meaning in life, as there is no inherent meaning or purpose to existence.

One of the key ideas of existentialism is that individuals are free to make their own choices, but this freedom comes with the responsibility to take ownership of those choices and their consequences. Another idea is that individuals are defined by their actions, rather than their inherent nature or characteristics.

One critique of existentialism is that it can lead to despair or nihilism, as individuals may struggle to find meaning or purpose in a world without inherent value. Another critique is that it can be self-centered, as individuals may prioritize their own individual existence and freedom over the collective good or social responsibility.