What is the definition of the term 'minimalism' and how is it used in music and literature?

Minimalism is an art movement and aesthetic that emerged in the 1960s, characterized by its simplicity, repetition, and use of limited materials or forms. In music, minimalism often involves a steady pulse, simple harmonies, and gradual variations of a limited set of musical motifs or patterns. In literature, minimalism involves a spare, concise style with little embellishment or ornamentation.

One of the most well-known minimalist composers is Steve Reich, whose works often feature repeating patterns that gradually shift out of phase with each other. Another important minimalist composer is Philip Glass, who is known for his use of repetitive structures and simple harmonies.

In literature, Raymond Carver is often cited as a prominent minimalist writer, known for his spare and direct prose style. Other writers associated with minimalism include Ernest Hemingway, Amy Hempel, and Lydia Davis.