Why do cats knead with their paws?

Cats are known for kneading, or pushing their paws into soft surfaces, like blankets, pillows, or even human laps. There are several theories about why cats knead, but the most common explanation is that it is a leftover behavior from kittenhood.

When kittens nurse from their mothers, they use their paws to massage the mother's mammary glands, stimulating milk production. This kneading behavior is thought to provide comfort and reassurance to the kitten, so it is believed that adult cats knead as a way to show contentment and relaxation, similar to how humans might fidget or stretch when feeling comfortable. Some experts also suggest that kneading helps cats mark their territory by leaving scent from their paw pads on the surface they are kneading.

Cats knead with their paws for a variety of reasons, including:

• To express contentment and affection. Kneading is a behavior that kittens learn from their mothers when they are nursing. By kneading, kittens stimulate the flow of milk from their mothers' teats. As cats grow older, they may continue to knead as a way of showing their affection for their owners.
• To mark their territory. Cats have scent glands in their paws, and by kneading, they are releasing these scents onto whatever they are kneading. This helps to mark the object as their own and to deter other cats from approaching.
• To help them relax and feel safe. Kneading can be a calming and soothing behavior for cats. The rhythmic motion of kneading can help to release endorphins, which have mood-boosting effects. Additionally, the act of kneading can help to stretch and massage a cat's muscles, which can help them to feel more relaxed.

If your cat is kneading, it is usually nothing to worry about. However, if your cat is kneading excessively or if they are also exhibiting other signs of stress or anxiety, such as excessive grooming or hiding, it is best to consult with your veterinarian.