How do computers execute instructions and perform calculations using binary code and digital logic circuits?

Computers execute instructions and perform calculations using binary code and digital logic circuits. Binary code is a system of representing data and instructions using only two digits, 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary number is called a bit. Digital logic circuits are electronic circuits that use Boolean algebra and digital signals to perform logical operations and calculations.

When you type a command or perform an action on a computer, the computer translates the input into binary code, which consists of a sequence of bits. The computer's central processing unit (CPU) then uses digital logic circuits to execute the instructions encoded in the binary code. The CPU contains several types of digital logic circuits, such as arithmetic logic units (ALUs) and control units.

The ALU performs basic arithmetic and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, and comparison. The control unit manages the flow of data and instructions between the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. The CPU uses a clock to synchronize the operations of its digital logic circuits.

Overall, the process of executing instructions and performing calculations using binary code and digital logic circuits is complex, but it is what enables computers to perform a vast array of tasks with remarkable speed and precision.