How do different philosophical perspectives approach the concept of the self?

Philosophers have approached the concept of the self in various ways throughout history. In general, the self refers to an individual's identity or essence that distinguishes them from others. Here are some of the main philosophical perspectives on the self:

• Plato and Aristotle: For Plato, the self is the soul, and it is immortal and eternal. Aristotle believed that the self is the individual person, and it is mortal and subject to change.
• Descartes: Descartes believed that the self is a thinking thing that exists independently of the body, and he famously stated, 'Cogito, ergo sum' ('I think, therefore I am').
• Hume: Hume believed that the self is not a substance, but rather a collection of experiences and perceptions that are constantly changing. He argued that there is no enduring self or soul, but rather a 'bundle of perceptions.'
• Kant: Kant believed that the self is not something that can be known through experience, but rather a necessary condition for experience. He argued that the self is a unity of consciousness that is required for all experience to be possible.
• Nietzsche: Nietzsche believed that the self is not fixed, but rather constantly evolving and changing. He rejected the idea of a stable, enduring self, and instead argued for the importance of becoming who we are.