How do different types of rocks form through the rock cycle?

The rock cycle is a continuous process of change that occurs within the Earth's crust, transforming one type of rock into another. There are three major types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Each type of rock is formed through a different set of processes that take place in different parts of the Earth.

Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, which is called magma when it is below the Earth's surface and lava when it erupts onto the surface. When magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, it forms coarse-grained rocks such as granite. When lava cools quickly on the surface, it forms fine-grained rocks such as basalt.

Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and lithification of sediments, which are small pieces of rock, mineral, and organic matter that have been eroded and transported by wind, water, and ice. Sediments can be deposited in a variety of environments, such as rivers, lakes, oceans, and deserts. Examples of sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, and limestone.

Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of existing rocks by heat, pressure, and chemical reactions. Metamorphism can occur when rocks are buried deep within the Earth's crust, where they are subjected to high temperatures and pressures. Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble, slate, and gneiss.