How do oceanographers study and map the ocean's underwater caves and sinkholes?

Oceanographers study and map underwater caves and sinkholes using a variety of tools and techniques. These features can be difficult to study because they are often hidden beneath the surface of the water and can be located in deep or remote parts of the ocean.

One of the most common ways that oceanographers study underwater caves and sinkholes is through the use of sonar. Sonar technology works by emitting sound waves that bounce off of objects in the water and return to the sonar device. By analyzing the time it takes for the sound waves to return, oceanographers can create detailed maps of the ocean floor.

In addition to sonar, oceanographers also use remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to explore underwater caves and sinkholes. These vehicles are equipped with cameras, lights, and other sensors that allow them to capture high-resolution images and collect data about the features they are studying.

Finally, oceanographers can also study underwater caves and sinkholes by taking direct samples from the features themselves. This can involve sending divers down to the features or using specialized equipment like sediment corers or water samplers to collect samples.