How does the process of convection work?

Convection is the transfer of heat through a fluid, such as a liquid or a gas, as a result of the fluid's movement. It occurs when there is a temperature difference between different parts of the fluid, which causes the hotter and less dense part to rise, and the cooler and denser part to sink. This movement creates a flow pattern in the fluid, which carries the heat from one place to another.

Convection can occur in two ways: natural convection and forced convection. Natural convection occurs when the fluid movement is caused by the buoyancy effect, which results from the temperature difference between the fluid and its surroundings. Forced convection, on the other hand, occurs when the fluid is forced to move by an external source, such as a fan or a pump.

Convection plays an important role in many natural and industrial processes, such as weather patterns, ocean currents, and cooling systems. It is also used in cooking, where the hot air rising from a stove or oven creates a convection current that cooks the food evenly.