What are the major types of statistical analysis methods and their applications?

Statistical analysis is a vital part of scientific research and decision making. It is a technique that helps in the interpretation of data in a meaningful way. There are various types of statistical analysis methods, each with its own applications. Here are some of the major types of statistical analysis methods:

• Descriptive Statistics: This type of analysis is used to describe and summarize data. It includes measures such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance.
• Inferential Statistics: This type of analysis is used to draw conclusions about a population based on a sample. It includes techniques such as hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and regression analysis.
• Exploratory Data Analysis: This type of analysis is used to discover patterns, relationships, and anomalies in the data. It includes techniques such as scatter plots, histograms, and box plots.
• Time Series Analysis: This type of analysis is used to analyze data that changes over time. It includes techniques such as moving averages, exponential smoothing, and forecasting.
• Survival Analysis: This type of analysis is used to analyze data that pertains to the time until an event occurs. It includes techniques such as Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.

The choice of statistical analysis method depends on the type of data and research question being investigated. Statistical analysis can be performed using various software packages, including R, SPSS, SAS, and Python.