What are the primary factors that influence the distribution of animal species on Earth?

The distribution of animal species on Earth is influenced by a number of factors, both biotic and abiotic. Some of the primary factors that influence distribution include:

• Climate: Temperature and precipitation are two of the most important factors in determining where certain animals can live. Animals that are adapted to cold, dry climates are unlikely to survive in hot, humid environments, and vice versa.
• Habitat: The type of habitat available in an area also plays a significant role in determining which animal species can live there. Animals that require a specific type of vegetation or terrain, such as rainforests or coral reefs, will be limited to areas where that habitat is available.
• Competition: Competition with other species can limit the distribution of animal species. If two species have similar ecological niches and compete for the same resources, one species may be forced out of an area or prevented from colonizing it.
• Migration: The ability of animals to move from one location to another can also impact their distribution. Animals that are highly migratory, such as birds or marine mammals, may have a wide distribution range that changes with the seasons or in response to environmental conditions.

Other factors that can influence animal distribution include predation, disease, and human activities such as habitat destruction and climate change.