What is the difference between state and federal courts in the U.S. justice system?

The United States has a dual court system composed of state and federal courts. Each system has its own set of laws, jurisdiction, and procedures. Understanding the differences between state and federal courts is important for individuals seeking justice or who are involved in legal proceedings.

State Courts

State courts handle cases involving state law, such as traffic violations, divorce, property disputes, and criminal cases that occur within state borders. Each state has its own court system, and cases are typically heard by a judge and sometimes a jury.

State courts are divided into three levels: trial courts, intermediate appellate courts, and the state supreme court.

Federal Courts

Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases involving federal law, the U.S. Constitution, or disputes between citizens of different states. They also handle cases that involve foreign governments and their citizens, as well as cases involving federal crimes, such as tax evasion, drug trafficking, and interstate commerce violations.

Federal courts are divided into three levels: district courts, circuit courts of appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court.

Differences

The main differences between state and federal courts are their jurisdiction and the types of cases they hear. State courts only have jurisdiction over cases involving state law, while federal courts only have jurisdiction over cases involving federal law. Federal courts also have limited jurisdiction over certain types of state law cases, such as civil rights violations and bankruptcy cases.

The procedures used in state and federal courts also differ. State courts follow state procedural rules, while federal courts follow the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.