What were the Sumerian achievements in military technology and tactics?

The Sumerians were one of the earliest civilizations in the world, and they made many significant achievements in military technology and tactics. One of their most notable achievements was the development of the wheeled chariot, which was used extensively in battle. The Sumerian chariots were made of wood and were pulled by horses or donkeys. They were used for both transportation and warfare, and they could be equipped with a variety of weapons, such as spears and bows.

Another important Sumerian military technology was the composite bow, which was made from layers of wood, horn, and sinew. The composite bow was more powerful and accurate than earlier bows, and it allowed the Sumerians to shoot arrows from a greater distance. The Sumerians also developed the pike, a long spear that was used to repel cavalry charges.

In terms of tactics, the Sumerians were known for their use of the phalanx formation, which involved grouping soldiers together in a tight formation to maximize their defensive capabilities. The Sumerians also developed siege warfare techniques, such as the use of battering rams and siege towers, to attack fortified cities.