Who were the Sumerians and when did they live?

The Sumerians were one of the earliest civilizations in human history, living in Mesopotamia, an area that is now present-day Iraq, from around 4000 BCE to around 2000 BCE. They are credited with many important cultural and technological innovations, such as the invention of writing and the wheel.

The Sumerians were known for their impressive city-states, each with their own ruler and system of government. These city-states were often at war with each other, and eventually fell under the control of the Akkadian Empire in the 24th century BCE. Later, the Babylonians took control of the region, followed by the Assyrians.

The Sumerians made significant contributions to human civilization, including the invention of the plow, the creation of the first written language, and the development of complex mathematical systems. They also had a complex religion, with a pantheon of gods and goddesses who controlled various aspects of daily life.