How do Hollywood studios handle the process of film legal clearance and licensing?

Hollywood studios go through a complex legal process to ensure that they have all the necessary rights and licenses for the films they produce. The process involves obtaining clearance for various elements such as music, artwork, props, and locations that appear in the film.

For music, the studio must secure the rights to use any songs that appear in the film. This involves negotiating with the music publisher and songwriter or their representatives to obtain a synchronization license, which allows the studio to use the music in the film. If the studio wants to release a soundtrack album for the film, they will also need to secure a separate master use license.

Artwork, props, and locations that appear in the film must also be cleared for use. This involves obtaining permission from the owner of the intellectual property or the physical property. The studio must also ensure that any people who appear in the film have signed release forms.

Once all necessary clearances are obtained, the studio must also obtain errors and omissions (E&O) insurance to protect against any legal claims that may arise from the film's distribution.