How do viruses and bacteria differ in their structure and function?

Viruses and bacteria are both types of microorganisms, but they differ in their structure and function. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can survive on their own, while viruses require a host cell to reproduce. Bacteria are typically larger than viruses and have a more complex structure, with a cell wall, cytoplasm, and genetic material. In contrast, viruses are much smaller and consist of genetic material, either RNA or DNA, enclosed in a protein coat.

Bacteria are able to reproduce on their own through a process called binary fission, in which one cell divides into two identical cells. They can also exchange genetic material through a process called conjugation, which allows them to adapt to changing environments. In contrast, viruses rely on a host cell to reproduce. They attach to the host cell and inject their genetic material, which takes over the cell's machinery to make more viruses.

In summary, bacteria are single-celled organisms that can survive on their own and have a more complex structure than viruses, while viruses require a host cell to reproduce and consist of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat.