How does the human eye work?

The human eye is a complex organ responsible for receiving and processing visual information. It is made up of several parts that work together to capture, focus, and transmit images to the brain. The eye is essentially a sphere measuring about an inch in diameter and is located in the eye socket of the skull.

Light enters the eye through the cornea, the transparent layer covering the front of the eye. The cornea helps to focus the incoming light and protect the eye from damage. The light then passes through the pupil, a hole in the center of the iris, which can adjust in size to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye. Behind the pupil is the lens, which further refracts the light and fine-tunes the focus. The lens is flexible and changes shape to adjust to the distance of objects being viewed.

The light that has passed through the lens is projected onto the retina, which lines the back of the eye. The retina contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones, which detect light and transmit signals to the brain via the optic nerve. The rods are more sensitive to light and are responsible for vision in low-light conditions, while the cones are responsible for color vision and visual acuity.

The visual information that is transmitted to the brain is processed by various areas of the visual cortex, allowing us to see and interpret the world around us.