What are the major types of landforms on Earth and how do they form?

Landforms are natural features on the Earth's surface that are created by various geological and geomorphological processes. The major types of landforms include mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, valleys, canyons, and beaches.

Mountains are formed by the movement of tectonic plates, which causes rocks to fold and buckle. Over time, erosion can wear down the peaks and create new ones.

Hills are smaller than mountains and are also formed by the movement of tectonic plates. They are generally less steep and have more rounded tops.

Plateaus are flat-topped areas that are elevated above the surrounding terrain. They are formed by the forces of uplift and erosion.

Plains are large, flat areas that are generally located at low elevations. They are formed by the deposition of sediment by rivers and other bodies of water.

Valleys are low-lying areas that are often formed by the erosion of rivers and glaciers. They are characterized by a U-shaped cross-section and steep sides.

Canyons are narrow valleys with steep sides that are formed by the erosion of rock by rivers.

Beaches are formed by the deposition of sediment by waves and tides. They are typically found at the edge of oceans and other large bodies of water.

These are just some of the major types of landforms on Earth. Each one is unique and has a fascinating geological history that has shaped the world we live in today.