What is the difference between a turbocharger and a supercharger?

A turbocharger and a supercharger are both forced induction systems that increase the power output of an engine. The main difference between the two is how they are powered. A turbocharger is powered by exhaust gases, while a supercharger is powered by a belt that is connected to the engine's crankshaft.

When exhaust gases pass through a turbocharger, they spin a turbine that is connected to a compressor. The compressor then compresses the incoming air and sends it into the engine. This increases the amount of air that enters the engine, allowing it to burn more fuel and produce more power.

A supercharger, on the other hand, is connected to the engine's crankshaft by a belt. As the engine turns, the supercharger also turns, compressing the incoming air and sending it into the engine. Because a supercharger is powered by the engine itself, it is always spinning and providing boost, whereas a turbocharger can experience lag as it takes time for the exhaust gases to spin up the turbine.

Both turbochargers and superchargers have their advantages and disadvantages. Turbochargers are more efficient because they use waste energy from the exhaust gases to create boost, but they can suffer from lag. Superchargers are always providing boost, but they can be less efficient because they use some of the engine's power to compress the incoming air.