How does the process of fermentation in brewing work?

Fermentation is the process by which sugars are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast. In brewing, fermentation is a crucial step that transforms wort, or unfermented beer, into beer. During fermentation, yeast is added to the wort and begins to consume the sugars present in the liquid. As the yeast consumes the sugars, it produces alcohol and carbon dioxide. The alcohol is what gives beer its intoxicating properties, while the carbon dioxide creates the bubbles and carbonation that make beer refreshing.

The fermentation process can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the type of beer being made and the desired alcohol content. Once fermentation is complete, the beer is carbonated and can be bottled or kegged.